sveltekit – skill Lập trình cho agent AI

SvelteKit Full-Stack Development

Overview

SvelteKit is the official full-stack framework built on top of Svelte. It provides file-based routing, server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), API routes, and progressive form actions — all with Svelte's compile-time reactivity model that reduces some runtime work through compilation; client-side features still ship runtime JavaScript. Use this skill when building fast, modern web apps where both DX and performance matter.

When to Use This Skill

• Use when building a new full-stack web application with Svelte
• Use when you need SSR or SSG with fine-grained control per route
• Use when migrating a SPA to a framework with server capabilities
• Use when working on a project that needs file-based routing and collocated API endpoints
• Use when the user asks about +page.svelte, +layout.svelte, load functions, or form actions

Version and integration scope

Examples use legacy Svelte component syntax and omit DB/email/auth implementations. Use the scaffold and docs matching installed Svelte/SvelteKit versions. Validate/allowlist POST fields and authorize mutations before DB writes; data: body is not a production mass-assignment pattern. Handle failed fetch status before parsing JSON, and do not treat built-in form origin checks as complete authorization.

How It Works

Step 1: Project Setup

npm create svelte@latest my-app
cd my-app
npm install
npm run dev

Choose Skeleton project + TypeScript + ESLint/Prettier when prompted.

Directory structure after scaffolding:

src/
  routes/
    +page.svelte        ← Root page component
    +layout.svelte      ← Root layout (wraps all pages)
    +error.svelte       ← Error boundary
  lib/
    server/             ← Server-only code (never bundled to client)
    components/         ← Shared components
  app.html              ← HTML shell
static/                 ← Static assets

Step 2: File-Based Routing

Every +page.svelte file in src/routes/ maps directly to a URL:

src/routes/+page.svelte          → /
src/routes/about/+page.svelte    → /about
src/routes/blog/[slug]/+page.svelte  → /blog/:slug
src/routes/shop/[...path]/+page.svelte → /shop/* (catch-all)

Route groups (no URL segment): wrap in (group)/ folder.

Route groups are not private routes. Parentheses affect URL/layout organization, not authorization. Guard sensitive loads, actions and endpoints on the server.

Step 3: Loading Data with load Functions

Use a +page.ts (universal) or +page.server.ts (server-only) file alongside the page:

// src/routes/blog/[slug]/+page.server.ts
import { error } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import type { PageServerLoad } from './$types';

export const load: PageServerLoad = async ({ params, fetch }) => {
  const post = await fetch(`/api/posts/${params.slug}`).then(r => r.json());

  if (!post) {
    error(404, 'Post not found');
  }

  return { post };
};

<!-- src/routes/blog/[slug]/+page.svelte -->
<script lang="ts">
  import type { PageData } from './$types';
  export let data: PageData;
</script>

<h1>{data.post.title}</h1>
<article>{data.post.content}</article> <!-- Escaped text; use @html only for trusted/sanitized HTML. -->

Step 4: API Routes (Server Endpoints)

Create +server.ts files for REST-style endpoints:

// src/routes/api/posts/+server.ts
import { json } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import type { RequestHandler } from './$types';

export const GET: RequestHandler = async ({ url }) => {
  const limit = Number(url.searchParams.get('limit') ?? 10);
  if (!Number.isInteger(limit) || limit < 1 || limit > 100) {
    return json({ error: "Invalid limit" }, { status: 400 });
  }
  const posts = await db.post.findMany({ take: limit });
  return json(posts);
};

export const POST: RequestHandler = async ({ request }) => {
  const body = await request.json();
  const post = await db.post.create({ data: body });
  return json(post, { status: 201 });
};

Step 5: Form Actions

Form actions are the SvelteKit-native way to handle mutations — no client-side fetch required:

// src/routes/contact/+page.server.ts
import { fail, redirect } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import type { Actions } from './$types';

export const actions: Actions = {
  default: async ({ request }) => {
    const data = await request.formData();
    const email = data.get('email');

    if (!email) {
      return fail(400, { email, missing: true });
    }

    await sendEmail(String(email));
    redirect(303, '/thank-you');
  }
};

<!-- src/routes/contact/+page.svelte -->
<script lang="ts">
  import { enhance } from '$app/forms';
  import type { ActionData } from './$types';
  export let form: ActionData;
</script>

<form method="POST" use:enhance>
  <input name="email" type="email" />
  {#if form?.missing}<p class="error">Email is required</p>{/if}
  <button type="submit">Subscribe</button>
</form>

Step 6: Layouts and Nested Routes

<!-- src/routes/+layout.svelte -->
<script lang="ts">
  import type { LayoutData } from './$types';
  export let data: LayoutData;
</script>

<nav>
  <a href="/">Home</a>
  <a href="/blog">Blog</a>
  {#if data.user}
    <a href="/dashboard">Dashboard</a>
  {/if}
</nav>

<slot />  <!-- child page renders here -->

// src/routes/+layout.server.ts
import type { LayoutServerLoad } from './$types';

export const load: LayoutServerLoad = async ({ locals }) => {
  return { user: locals.user ?? null };
};

Step 7: Rendering Modes

Control per-route rendering with page options:

// src/routes/docs/+page.ts
export const prerender = true;   // Static — generated at build time
export const ssr = true;         // Default — rendered on server per request
export const csr = false;        // Disable client-side hydration entirely

Examples

Example 1: Dashboard Redirect (not complete authorization)

A layout redirect is useful navigation behavior but is not a substitute for authorization at every protected server data/action/endpoint boundary. Return only public user fields from server loads; their data is serialized to the client. See [SvelteKit auth](https://svelte.dev/docs/kit/auth), [route groups](https://svelte.dev/docs/kit/advanced-routing) and [raw HTML safety](https://svelte.dev/docs/svelte/@html).

// src/routes/dashboard/+layout.server.ts
import { redirect } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import type { LayoutServerLoad } from './$types';

export const load: LayoutServerLoad = async ({ locals }) => {
  if (!locals.user) {
    redirect(303, '/login');
  }
  return { user: locals.user };
};

Example 2: Hooks — Session Middleware

// src/hooks.server.ts
import type { Handle } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import { verifyToken } from '$lib/server/auth';

export const handle: Handle = async ({ event, resolve }) => {
  const token = event.cookies.get('session');
  if (token) {
    event.locals.user = await verifyToken(token);
  }
  return resolve(event);
};

Example 3: Preloading and Invalidation

<script lang="ts">
  import { invalidateAll } from '$app/navigation';

  async function refresh() {
    await invalidateAll(); // re-runs all load functions on the page
  }
</script>

<button on:click={refresh}>Refresh</button>

Best Practices

• ✅ Use +page.server.ts for database/auth logic — it never ships to the client
• ✅ Use $lib/server/ for shared server-only modules (DB client, auth helpers)
• ✅ Use form actions for mutations instead of client-side fetch — works without JS
• ✅ Type all load return values with generated $types (PageData, LayoutData)
• ✅ Use event.locals in hooks to pass server-side context to load functions
• ❌ Don't import server-only code in +page.svelte or +layout.svelte directly
• ❌ Don't store sensitive state in stores — use locals on the server
• ❌ Don't skip use:enhance on forms — without it, forms lose progressive enhancement

Security & Safety Notes

• All code in +page.server.ts, +server.ts, and $lib/server/ runs exclusively on the server — safe for DB queries, secrets, and session validation.
• Always validate and sanitize form data before database writes.
• Use error(403) or redirect(303) from @sveltejs/kit rather than returning raw error objects.
• Set httpOnly: true and secure: true on all auth cookies.
• CSRF protection is built-in for form actions — do not disable checkOrigin in production.

Common Pitfalls

• Problem: Cannot use import statement in a module in +page.server.ts

Solution: The file must be .ts or .js, not .svelte. Server files and Svelte components are separate.

• Problem: Store value is undefined on first SSR render

Solution: Populate the store from the load function return value (data prop), not from client-side onMount.

• Problem: Form action does

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