playwright-java – Coding skill for AI agents

Supporting material

The bundled files are [configuration](config.md), [page objects](page-objects.md), [assertions](assertions.md), [fixtures](fixtures.md), [BaseTest.java](BaseTest.java) and [BasePage.java](BasePage.java). Copy/adapt them into the target project with their dependencies; src/test/resources/junit-platform.properties below is a project file to create, not a bundled file.

Playwright Java – Advanced Test Automation

Overview

This skill supplies Playwright Java test patterns requiring project-specific compilation and execution.

It enforces the Page Object Model (POM), strict locator strategies, per-thread Playwright ownership for parallel

execution, and full Allure reporting integration. Targets Java 17+ and Playwright 1.44+.

Supporting reference files are available for deeper topics:

| Topic | File |

|-------|------|

| Maven POM, ConfigReader, Docker/CI setup | config.md |

| Component pattern, dropdowns, uploads, waits | page-objects.md |

| Full assertion API, soft assertions, visual testing | assertions.md |

| Fixtures, test data factory, auth state, retry | fixtures.md |

| Drop-in base class templates | BaseTest.java, BasePage.java |

---

When to Use This Skill

• Use when scaffolding a new Playwright Java project from scratch
• Use when writing Page Object classes or JUnit 5 test classes
• Use when the user asks about cross-browser testing, parallel execution, or Allure reports
• Use when fixing flaky tests or replacing Thread.sleep() with proper waits
• Use when setting up Playwright in CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Docker)
• Use when combining API calls and UI assertions in a single test (hybrid testing)
• Use when the user mentions "POM pattern", "BrowserContext", "Playwright fixtures", or "traces"

---

How It Works

Step 1: Decide the Approach

Use this matrix to pick the right pattern before writing any code:

| User Request | Approach |

|---|---|

| New project from scratch | Full scaffold — see config.md |

| Single feature test | POM page class + JUnit5 test class |

| API + UI hybrid | APIRequestContext alongside Page |

| Cross-browser | @MethodSource parameterized over browser names |

| Flaky test fix | Replace sleep with waitFor / waitForResponse |

| CI integration | playwright install --with-deps in pipeline |

| Parallel execution | junit-platform.properties + ThreadLocal |

| Rich reporting | Allure + Playwright trace + video recording |

---

Step 2: Scaffold the Project Structure

Always use this layout when creating a new project:

src/
├── test/
│   ├── java/com/company/tests/
│   │   ├── base/
│   │   │   ├── BaseTest.java        ← BaseTest.java
│   │   │   └── BasePage.java        ← BasePage.java
│   │   ├── pages/
│   │   │   └── LoginPage.java
│   │   ├── tests/
│   │   │   └── LoginTest.java
│   │   ├── utils/
│   │   │   ├── TestDataFactory.java
│   │   │   └── WaitUtils.java
│   │   └── config/
│   │       └── ConfigReader.java
│   └── resources/
│       ├── test.properties
│       ├── junit-platform.properties
│       └── testdata/users.json
pom.xml

---

Step 3: Set Up Thread-Safe BaseTest

Use the bundled BaseTest.java, with the matching ConfigReader from config.md; it registers resources before fallible tracing/page creation and removes thread-local values during teardown.

---

Step 4: Build Page Object Classes

public class LoginPage extends BasePage {

    // Declare ALL locators as fields — never inline in action methods
    private final Locator emailInput;
    private final Locator passwordInput;
    private final Locator loginButton;
    private final Locator errorMessage;

    public LoginPage(Page page) {
        super(page);
        emailInput    = page.getByLabel("Email address");
        passwordInput = page.getByLabel("Password");
        loginButton   = page.getByRole(AriaRole.BUTTON,
                            new Page.GetByRoleOptions().setName("Sign in"));
        errorMessage  = page.getByTestId("login-error");
    }

    @Override protected String getUrl() { return "/login"; }

    // Navigation methods return the next Page Object — enables fluent chaining
    public DashboardPage loginAs(String email, String password) {
        fill(emailInput, email);
        fill(passwordInput, password);
        clickAndWaitForNav(loginButton, "**/dashboard");
        return new DashboardPage(page);
    }

    public LoginPage loginExpectingError(String email, String password) {
        fill(emailInput, email);
        fill(passwordInput, password);
        loginButton.click();
        errorMessage.waitFor();
        return this;
    }

    public String getErrorMessage() { return errorMessage.textContent(); }
}

---

Step 5: Write Tests with Allure Annotations

class LoginTest extends BaseTest {

    private LoginPage loginPage;

    @BeforeEach
    void openLoginPage() {
        loginPage = new LoginPage(page());
        loginPage.navigate();
    }

    @Test
    @Severity(SeverityLevel.BLOCKER)
    @DisplayName("Valid credentials redirect to dashboard")
    void shouldLoginWithValidCredentials() {
        User user = TestDataFactory.getDefaultUser();
        DashboardPage dash = loginPage.loginAs(user.email(), user.password());

        assertThat(page()).hasURL(Pattern.compile(".*/dashboard"));
        assertThat(dash.getWelcomeBanner()).containsText("Welcome, " + user.firstName());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldShowErrorOnInvalidCredentials() {
        loginPage.loginExpectingError("[email protected]", "wrongpass");

        SoftAssertions softly = new SoftAssertions();
        softly.assertThat(loginPage.getErrorMessage()).contains("Invalid email or password");
        assertThat(page()).hasURL(Pattern.compile(".*/login"));
        softly.assertAll();
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @MethodSource("provideInvalidCredentials")
    void shouldRejectInvalidCredentials(String email, String password, String expectedError) {
        loginPage.loginExpectingError(email, password);
        org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(loginPage.getErrorMessage()).contains(expectedError);
    }

    static Stream<Arguments> provideInvalidCredentials() {
        return Stream.of(
            Arguments.of("", "password123", "Email is required"),
            Arguments.of("[email protected]", "", "Password is required"),
            Arguments.of("notanemail", "pass", "Invalid email format")
        );
    }
}

---

Examples

Example 1: API + UI Hybrid Test

@Test
void shouldDisplayNewlyCreatedOrder() {
    // Arrange via API — faster than navigating through UI
    APIRequestContext api = page().context().request();
    APIResponse response = api.post("/api/orders",
        RequestOptions.create()
            .setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + authToken)
            .setData(Map.of("productId", "SKU-001", "quantity", 2)));
    assertThat(response).isOK();

    String orderId = new JsonParser().parse(response.text())
        .getAsJsonObject().get("id").getAsString();

    OrdersPage orders = new OrdersPage(page());
    orders.navigate();
    assertThat(orders.getOrderRowById(orderId)).isVisible();
}

Example 2: Network Mocking

@Test
void shouldHandleApiFailureGracefully() {
    page().route("**/api/products", route -> route.fulfill(
        new Route.FulfillOptions()
            .setStatus(503)
            .setBody("{\"error\":\"Service Unavailable\"}")
            .setContentType("application/json")));

    ProductsPage products = new ProductsPage(page());
    products.navigate();

    assertThat(products.getErrorBanner())
        .hasText("We're having trouble loading products. Please try again.");
}

Example 3: Cross-Browser Execution

Run separate Maven processes/jobs with -Dbrowser=chromium, firefox and webkit. Do not set a process-global system property inside a parameterized test: setup already launched the browser and parallel tests race on that property. Give each job a unique artifact name.

Example 4: Parallel Execution Config

# src/test/resources/junit-platform.properties
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled=true
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default=concurrent
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy=fixed
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.fixed.parallelism=4

Example 5: GitHub Actions CI Pipeline

- name: Install Playwright browsers
  run: mvn exec:java -e -Dexec.mainClass=com.microsoft.playwright.CLI -Dexec.args="install --with-deps"

- name: Run tests
  run: mvn test -Dbrowser=${{ matrix.browser }} -Dheadless=true

- name: Upload traces on failure
  uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  if: failure()
  with:
    name: playwright-traces-${{ matrix.browser }}
    path: target/traces/

- name: Upload Allure results
  uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  if: always()
  with:
    name: allure-results-${{ matrix.browser }}
    path: target/allure-results/

… (full content is in the download package)