platform-engineering – skill Lập trình cho agent AI

Platform Engineering

Platform engineering is the discipline of building and maintaining internal developer platforms (IDPs) that enable self-service capabilities for software engineering teams. The goal is to reduce cognitive load, standardize infrastructure provisioning, and accelerate delivery while maintaining governance and security guardrails.

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Deployment boundaries

Pin and review tool, chart, provider and template versions before installation. Localhost Backstage config is development-only: production requires TLS, authentication, permission policy, secret management and restricted proxy/RBAC. Portal forms do not authorize cloud changes; enforce tenancy, costs and production approval at the API/controller. Examples are integration sketches, not a tested platform.

2. Backstage Setup

[Backstage](https://backstage.io) is the leading open-source developer portal framework, originally created at Spotify.

Installation

# Prerequisites: supported Node/Yarn versions required by the pinned Backstage release
npx @backstage/create-app@latest

# Follow the prompts -- name your app, e.g., "internal-platform"
cd internal-platform

# Start the development server
yarn dev

Production Docker Build

Use the Dockerfile generated for your pinned Backstage release and its documented

build flow. The backend build emits skeleton.tar.gz and bundle.tar.gz; copying

dist/ without extracting them does not produce a runnable backend. See

[Backstage Docker deployment](https://backstage.io/docs/deployment/docker/).

Use a supported Node version, non-root runtime and scoped build context; validate

the generated image before deploying it.

Core app-config.yaml

# app-config.yaml
app:
  title: Internal Developer Platform
  baseUrl: http://localhost:3000

organization:
  name: MyOrg

backend:
  baseUrl: http://localhost:7007
  listen:
    port: 7007
  database:
    client: pg
    connection:
      host: ${POSTGRES_HOST}
      port: ${POSTGRES_PORT}
      user: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      password: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}

integrations:
  github:
    - host: github.com
      token: ${GITHUB_TOKEN}

catalog:
  import:
    entityFilename: catalog-info.yaml
    pullRequestBranchName: backstage-integration
  rules:
    - allow: [Component, System, API, Resource, Location, Template]
  locations:
    - type: url
      target: https://github.com/myorg/software-catalog/blob/main/catalog-info.yaml
    - type: url
      target: https://github.com/myorg/backstage-templates/blob/main/all-templates.yaml

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3. Crossplane for Self-Service Infrastructure

Crossplane extends Kubernetes to provision and manage cloud infrastructure through declarative YAML.

Install Crossplane

# Add the Crossplane Helm repo
helm repo add crossplane-stable https://charts.crossplane.io/stable
helm repo update

# Install Crossplane into its own namespace
helm install crossplane crossplane-stable/crossplane \
  --namespace crossplane-system \
  --create-namespace

# Install the AWS provider
kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: pkg.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Provider
metadata:
  name: provider-aws
spec:
  package: xpkg.upbound.io/upbound/provider-family-aws:v1.1.0
EOF

# Configure AWS credentials
kubectl create secret generic aws-creds \
  -n crossplane-system \
  --from-file=creds=./aws-credentials.txt

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: aws.upbound.io/v1beta1
kind: ProviderConfig
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  credentials:
    source: Secret
    secretRef:
      namespace: crossplane-system
      name: aws-creds
      key: creds
EOF

CompositeResourceDefinition (XRD)

This defines a new platform API that developers consume without knowing the underlying cloud resources.

# xrd-application-database.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: CompositeResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: xapplicationdatabases.platform.myorg.io
spec:
  group: platform.myorg.io
  names:
    kind: XApplicationDatabase
    plural: xapplicationdatabases
  claimNames:
    kind: ApplicationDatabase
    plural: applicationdatabases
  versions:
    - name: v1alpha1
      served: true
      referenceable: true
      schema:
        openAPIV3Schema:
          type: object
          properties:
            spec:
              type: object
              properties:
                parameters:
                  type: object
                  properties:
                    engine:
                      type: string
                      enum: ["postgres", "mysql"]
                      default: "postgres"
                    engineVersion:
                      type: string
                      default: "15"
                    storageGB:
                      type: integer
                      minimum: 20
                      maximum: 500
                      default: 20
                    instanceSize:
                      type: string
                      enum: ["small", "medium", "large"]
                      default: "small"
                    environment:
                      type: string
                      enum: ["dev", "staging", "prod"]
                  required:
                    - environment

Composition (AWS RDS)

Legacy Crossplane 1.x Resources-mode sketch, not a current deployable composition. Pin compatible CRDs/providers and migrate to Pipeline mode for current deployments. The family provider alone does not install the RDS service provider; verify installed kinds. Complete required RDS credentials/username, providerConfigRef and final-snapshot settings against the exact CRD. The illustrative secret resource is not connected to the RDS connection secret and does not deliver credentials. The postgres default version is invalid for mysql; constrain supported engine/version pairs. Add claim selector/composition selection, RBAC, quotas and tenancy policy.

# composition-aws-database.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Composition
metadata:
  name: applicationdatabase-aws
  labels:
    provider: aws
spec:
  compositeTypeRef:
    apiVersion: platform.myorg.io/v1alpha1
    kind: XApplicationDatabase
  resources:
    - name: rds-instance
      base:
        apiVersion: rds.aws.upbound.io/v1beta1
        kind: Instance
        spec:
          forProvider:
            region: us-east-1
            allocatedStorage: 20
            autoMinorVersionUpgrade: true
            backupRetentionPeriod: 7
            dbName: appdb
            deletionProtection: true
            publiclyAccessible: false
            skipFinalSnapshot: false
            storageEncrypted: true
            storageType: gp3
            vpcSecurityGroupIdSelector:
              matchLabels:
                platform.myorg.io/network: shared
            dbSubnetGroupNameSelector:
              matchLabels:
                platform.myorg.io/network: shared
      patches:
        - type: FromCompositeFieldPath
          fromFieldPath: spec.parameters.engine
          toFieldPath: spec.forProvider.engine
        - type: FromCompositeFieldPath
          fromFieldPath: spec.parameters.engineVersion
          toFieldPath: spec.forProvider.engineVersion
        - type: FromCompositeFieldPath
          fromFieldPath: spec.parameters.storageGB
          toFieldPath: spec.forProvider.allocatedStorage
        - type: FromCompositeFieldPath
          fromFieldPath: spec.parameters.instanceSize
          toFieldPath: spec.forProvider.instanceClass
          transforms:
            - type: map
              map:
                small: db.t3.micro
                medium: db.t3.medium
                large: db.r6g.large
    - name: db-secret
      base:
        apiVersion: secretstores.aws.upbound.io/v1beta1
        kind: Secret
        spec:
          forProvider:
            region: us-east-1
      patches:
        - type: FromCompositeFieldPath
          fromFieldPath: metadata.name
          toFieldPath: spec.forProvider.name
          transforms:
            - type: string
              string:
                fmt: "platform/%s/db-credentials"

Developer Claim (what devs actually write)

# my-app-database.yaml
apiVersion: platform.myorg.io/v1alpha1
kind: ApplicationDatabase
metadata:
  name: orders-db
  namespace: team-commerce
spec:
  parameters:
    engine: postgres
    engineVersion: "15"
    storageGB: 50
    instanceSize: medium
    environment: staging

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Contents

• [4. Golden Paths](references/details.md)
• [5. Service Catalog](references/details.md)
• [6. Developer Portal -- Backstage Plugins](references/details.md)
• [7. Score Specification](references/details.md)
• [8. Self-Service Workflows](references/details.md)
• [9. Platform Metrics](references/details.md)
• [10. Governance -- Policy Enforcement](references/details.md)
• [Summary](references/details.md)

When to Use

Adopt platform engineering practices when your organization experiences:

• **Cognitive overload on dev teams*

… (nội dung đầy đủ có trong gói tải về)