azure-security-keyvault-secrets-java – skill Lập trình cho agent AI

Azure Key Vault Secrets (Java)

Securely store and manage secrets like passwords, API keys, and connection strings.

Confirm vault, tenant, RBAC and intended secret/version before mutations. Examples use synthetic values: obtain real values from approved secret input, never source code or chat. Backups contain sensitive encrypted material and have service restore restrictions; protect files and retention. Expiration metadata is not credential rotation at the issuing service. Required secrets must fail closed if unavailable; do not silently start with a partial configuration. Async snippets need error handling and an application lifecycle that awaits completion.

Installation

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
    <artifactId>azure-security-keyvault-secrets</artifactId>
    <version>4.9.0</version>
</dependency>

Client Creation

import com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.SecretClient;
import com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.SecretClientBuilder;
import com.azure.identity.DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder;

// Sync client
SecretClient secretClient = new SecretClientBuilder()
    .vaultUrl("https://<vault-name>.vault.azure.net")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildClient();

// Async client
SecretAsyncClient secretAsyncClient = new SecretClientBuilder()
    .vaultUrl("https://<vault-name>.vault.azure.net")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildAsyncClient();

Create/Set Secret

import com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.models.KeyVaultSecret;

// Simple secret
KeyVaultSecret secret = secretClient.setSecret("database-password", "P@ssw0rd123!");
System.out.println("Secret name: " + secret.getName());
System.out.println("Secret ID: " + secret.getId());

// Secret with options
KeyVaultSecret secretWithOptions = secretClient.setSecret(
    new KeyVaultSecret("api-key", "sk_live_abc123xyz")
        .setProperties(new SecretProperties()
            .setContentType("application/json")
            .setExpiresOn(OffsetDateTime.now().plusYears(1))
            .setNotBefore(OffsetDateTime.now())
            .setEnabled(true)
            .setTags(Map.of(
                "environment", "production",
                "service", "payment-api"
            ))
        )
);

Get Secret

// Get latest version
KeyVaultSecret secret = secretClient.getSecret("database-password");
String value = secret.getValue();
// Consume value in memory; never print secret material.

// Get specific version
KeyVaultSecret specificVersion = secretClient.getSecret("database-password", "<version-id>");

// Get only properties (no value)
SecretProperties props = secretClient.getSecret("database-password").getProperties();
System.out.println("Enabled: " + props.isEnabled());
System.out.println("Created: " + props.getCreatedOn());

Update Secret Properties

// Get secret
KeyVaultSecret secret = secretClient.getSecret("api-key");

// Update properties (cannot update value - create new version instead)
secret.getProperties()
    .setEnabled(false)
    .setExpiresOn(OffsetDateTime.now().plusMonths(6))
    .setTags(Map.of("status", "rotating"));

SecretProperties updated = secretClient.updateSecretProperties(secret.getProperties());
System.out.println("Updated: " + updated.getUpdatedOn());

List Secrets

import com.azure.core.util.paging.PagedIterable;
import com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.models.SecretProperties;

// List all secrets (properties only, no values)
for (SecretProperties secretProps : secretClient.listPropertiesOfSecrets()) {
    System.out.println("Secret: " + secretProps.getName());
    System.out.println("  Enabled: " + secretProps.isEnabled());
    System.out.println("  Created: " + secretProps.getCreatedOn());
    System.out.println("  Content-Type: " + secretProps.getContentType());
    
    // Get value if needed
    if (secretProps.isEnabled()) {
        KeyVaultSecret fullSecret = secretClient.getSecret(secretProps.getName());
        // Do not print even a prefix of the secret.
    }
}

// List versions of a secret
for (SecretProperties version : secretClient.listPropertiesOfSecretVersions("database-password")) {
    System.out.println("Version: " + version.getVersion());
    System.out.println("Created: " + version.getCreatedOn());
    System.out.println("Enabled: " + version.isEnabled());
}

Delete Secret

import com.azure.core.util.polling.SyncPoller;
import com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.models.DeletedSecret;

// Begin delete (returns poller for soft-delete enabled vaults)
SyncPoller<DeletedSecret, Void> deletePoller = secretClient.beginDeleteSecret("old-secret");

// Wait for deletion
DeletedSecret deletedSecret = deletePoller.poll().getValue();
System.out.println("Deleted on: " + deletedSecret.getDeletedOn());
System.out.println("Scheduled purge: " + deletedSecret.getScheduledPurgeDate());

deletePoller.waitForCompletion();

Recover Deleted Secret

// List deleted secrets
for (DeletedSecret deleted : secretClient.listDeletedSecrets()) {
    System.out.println("Deleted: " + deleted.getName());
    System.out.println("Deletion date: " + deleted.getDeletedOn());
}

// Recover deleted secret
SyncPoller<KeyVaultSecret, Void> recoverPoller = secretClient.beginRecoverDeletedSecret("old-secret");
recoverPoller.waitForCompletion();

KeyVaultSecret recovered = secretClient.getSecret("old-secret");
System.out.println("Recovered: " + recovered.getName());

Purge Deleted Secret

// This is a separate irreversible operation, not the next step after recovery.
// Get deleted secret info first
DeletedSecret deleted = secretClient.getDeletedSecret("old-secret");
System.out.println("Will purge: " + deleted.getName());
secretClient.purgeDeletedSecret("old-secret");

Backup and Restore

// Backup secret (all versions)
byte[] backup = secretClient.backupSecret("important-secret");

// Save to file
Files.write(Paths.get("secret-backup.blob"), backup);

// Restore from backup
byte[] backupData = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("secret-backup.blob"));
KeyVaultSecret restored = secretClient.restoreSecretBackup(backupData);
System.out.println("Restored: " + restored.getName());

Async Operations

SecretAsyncClient asyncClient = new SecretClientBuilder()
    .vaultUrl("https://<vault>.vault.azure.net")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildAsyncClient();

// Set secret async
asyncClient.setSecret("async-secret", "async-value")
    .subscribe(
        secret -> System.out.println("Created: " + secret.getName()),
        error -> System.out.println("Error: " + error.getMessage())
    );

// Get secret async
asyncClient.getSecret("async-secret")
    .subscribe(secret -> { /* consume secret.getValue() without logging it */ });

// List secrets async
asyncClient.listPropertiesOfSecrets()
    .doOnNext(props -> System.out.println("Found: " + props.getName()))
    .subscribe();

Configuration Patterns

Load Multiple Secrets

public class ConfigLoader {
    private final SecretClient client;
    
    public ConfigLoader(String vaultUrl) {
        this.client = new SecretClientBuilder()
            .vaultUrl(vaultUrl)
            .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
            .buildClient();
    }
    
    public Map<String, String> loadSecrets(List<String> secretNames) {
        Map<String, String> secrets = new HashMap<>();
        for (String name : secretNames) {
            try {
                KeyVaultSecret secret = client.getSecret(name);
                secrets.put(name, secret.getValue());
            } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("Secret not found: " + name);
            }
        }
        return secrets;
    }
}

// Usage
ConfigLoader loader = new ConfigLoader("https://my-vault.vault.azure.net");
Map<String, String> config = loader.loadSecrets(
    Arrays.asList("db-connection-string", "api-key", "jwt-secret")
);

Secret Rotation Pattern

public void rotateSecret(String secretName, String newValue) {
    // Get current secret
    KeyVaultSecret current = secretClient.getSecret(secretName);
    
    // Create and verify the new credential at its issuing service first.
    // Create a new version; migrate and verify consumers before retiring the old one.
    KeyVaultSecret newSecret = secretClient.setSecret(secretName, newValue);
    System.out.println("Rotated to version: " + newSecret.getProperties().getVersion());
}

Error Handling

import com.azure.core.exception.HttpResponseException;
import com.azure.core.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;

try {
    KeyVaultSecret secret = secretClient.getSecret("my-secret");
    // Consume secret.getValue() without logging it.
} catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
    System.out.println("Secret not found");
} catch (HttpResponseException e

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