ai-coding-agent-guardrails – skill Lập trình cho agent AI

AI Coding Agent Guardrails

Secure the use of AI coding agents across engineering teams. This skill covers permission boundaries, secret protection, sandbox isolation, code review gates, and audit trails for Claude Code, Cursor, Copilot, and Codex.

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Permission Boundaries

CLAUDE.md Configuration

A CLAUDE.md supplies behavioral guidance, not an OS sandbox. Merge compatible rules into existing instructions without overwriting them; tool permissions and isolation enforce boundaries independently.

# CLAUDE.md

## Restrictions

- NEVER read or output contents of .env, .env.*, secrets.yaml, or any file matching *.pem, *.key
- NEVER execute `rm -rf`, `DROP TABLE`, `kubectl delete`, or `terraform destroy` commands
- NEVER push directly to main or master branches
- NEVER modify files in the infrastructure/, terraform/, or .github/workflows/ directories without explicit user approval
- NEVER install new dependencies without listing them first for review
- NEVER access or display API keys, tokens, passwords, or connection strings

## Allowed Operations

- Read and modify application source code in src/, lib/, and tests/
- Run test suites with `npm test`, `pytest`, `go test`
- Run linters with `eslint`, `ruff`, `golangci-lint`
- Create new branches with prefix `ai/` or `agent/`
- Create and modify files in docs/ directory

## Code Standards

- All new functions must include docstrings or JSDoc comments
- All new code must have corresponding unit tests
- Follow existing code style and patterns in the repository
- Maximum file length: 500 lines. Suggest splitting if exceeded.

Command Allowlists

For agents that execute shell commands, define an explicit allowlist:

# .agent-permissions.yaml — conceptual schema, not consumed automatically by these clients
agent_permissions:
  allowed_commands:
    - "npm test"
    - "npm run lint"
    - "npm run build"
    - "pytest"
    - "ruff check"
    - "go test ./..."
    - "git status"
    - "git diff"
    - "git log"
    - "git checkout -b"
    - "git add"
    - "git commit"
    - "ls"
    - "cat"
    - "head"
    - "tail"

  blocked_commands:
    - "rm -rf"
    - "curl"
    - "wget"
    - "ssh"
    - "scp"
    - "kubectl"
    - "terraform"
    - "aws"
    - "gcloud"
    - "az"
    - "docker push"
    - "npm publish"

  blocked_paths:
    - ".env*"
    - "**/*.pem"
    - "**/*.key"
    - "**/secrets/**"
    - "infrastructure/**"
    - ".github/workflows/**"

  allowed_paths:
    - "src/**"
    - "lib/**"
    - "tests/**"
    - "docs/**"
    - "package.json"
    - "pyproject.toml"

File System Access Controls

Linux-only administrator sketch for a disposable checkout; do not recursively change ownership/modes on a live developer repository. The script below grants named ACL entries but does not grant traversal on the repository/parent directories or default ACLs for new files. Design and verify both explicitly; prevent symlink escapes and keep credentials outside the sandbox. Recursive chmod 750 also marks source files executable.

Use filesystem permissions to enforce boundaries at the OS level:

#!/bin/bash
# setup-agent-workspace.sh
# Create a restricted workspace for agent execution

AGENT_USER="ai-agent"
REPO_DIR="/workspace/repo"

# Create agent user with limited permissions
useradd --system --shell /bin/bash --no-create-home "$AGENT_USER"

# Set ownership: developers own everything, agent gets read on most
chown -R root:developers "$REPO_DIR"
chmod -R 750 "$REPO_DIR"

# Grant agent write access only to safe directories
setfacl -R -m u:${AGENT_USER}:rwx "${REPO_DIR}/src"
setfacl -R -m u:${AGENT_USER}:rwx "${REPO_DIR}/tests"
setfacl -R -m u:${AGENT_USER}:rwx "${REPO_DIR}/docs"

# Deny agent access to sensitive files
setfacl -m u:${AGENT_USER}:--- "${REPO_DIR}/.env"
setfacl -R -m u:${AGENT_USER}:--- "${REPO_DIR}/infrastructure"
setfacl -R -m u:${AGENT_USER}:--- "${REPO_DIR}/.github/workflows"

echo "Agent workspace permissions configured."

---

Secret Protection

Pre-commit Hooks with git-secrets

#!/bin/bash
# install-secret-scanning.sh

# Install git-secrets
git clone https://github.com/awslabs/git-secrets.git /tmp/git-secrets
cd /tmp/git-secrets && make install

# Initialize in repository
cd /path/to/repo
git secrets --install

# Register common secret patterns
git secrets --register-aws

# Add custom patterns for common credential formats
git secrets --add '-----BEGIN (RSA |EC |DSA )?PRIVATE KEY-----'
git secrets --add 'AKIA[0-9A-Z]{16}'
git secrets --add 'ghp_[a-zA-Z0-9]{36}'
git secrets --add 'sk-[a-zA-Z0-9]{48}'
git secrets --add 'xox[baprs]-[0-9a-zA-Z-]{10,}'
git secrets --add 'password\s*[:=]\s*["\x27][^\s]{8,}'
git secrets --add 'api[_-]?key\s*[:=]\s*["\x27][^\s]{8,}'

# Add allowed patterns (false positive exclusions)
git secrets --add --allowed 'EXAMPLE_KEY'
git secrets --add --allowed 'your-api-key-here'

Agent Output Scanning

Scan agent-generated output before it reaches version control:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""scan_agent_output.py - Scan AI agent output for leaked secrets."""

import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path

SECRET_PATTERNS = [
    (r'AKIA[0-9A-Z]{16}', 'AWS Access Key'),
    (r'(?i)aws_secret_access_key\s*[:=]\s*\S+', 'AWS Secret Key'),
    (r'ghp_[a-zA-Z0-9]{36}', 'GitHub Personal Access Token'),
    (r'gho_[a-zA-Z0-9]{36}', 'GitHub OAuth Token'),
    (r'sk-[a-zA-Z0-9]{48,}', 'OpenAI/Anthropic API Key'),
    (r'xox[baprs]-[0-9a-zA-Z\-]{10,}', 'Slack Token'),
    (r'-----BEGIN (RSA |EC |DSA )?PRIVATE KEY-----', 'Private Key'),
    (r'(?i)(password|passwd|pwd)\s*[:=]\s*["\x27][^\s]{4,}', 'Hardcoded Password'),
    (r'(?i)(api[_-]?key|apikey)\s*[:=]\s*["\x27][^\s]{8,}', 'API Key'),
    (r'eyJ[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{10,}\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{10,}', 'JWT Token'),
    (r'(?i)database_url\s*[:=]\s*\S+', 'Database Connection String'),
]


def scan_file(filepath: str) -> list[dict]:
    findings = []
    content = Path(filepath).read_text(errors="ignore")
    for line_num, line in enumerate(content.splitlines(), 1):
        for pattern, label in SECRET_PATTERNS:
            if re.search(pattern, line):
                findings.append({
                    "file": filepath,
                    "line": line_num,
                    "type": label,
                    "content": "[REDACTED]",
                })
    return findings


def main():
    files = sys.argv[1:]
    if not files:
        print("Usage: scan_agent_output.py <file1> [file2] ...")
        sys.exit(1)

    all_findings = []
    for f in files:
        all_findings.extend(scan_file(f))

    if all_findings:
        print(f"BLOCKED: {len(all_findings)} potential secret(s) detected:\n")
        for finding in all_findings:
            print(f"  [{finding['type']}] {finding['file']}:{finding['line']}")
            print(f"    {finding['content']}\n")
        sys.exit(1)

    print("No matches in this bounded regex scan; this is not proof of absence.")
    sys.exit(0)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Git Pre-commit Hook Integration

#!/bin/bash
# .git/hooks/pre-commit
# Block commits containing secrets from AI agents

# Use a maintained scanner that reads staged Git blobs, not working-tree paths.
# A working-tree scan can miss a secret staged before a later local edit.
# Require NUL-safe filename handling, bounded inputs and nonzero error status.
git secrets --pre_commit_hook -- "$@"
# Integrate any additional scanner against the index through its documented API.

---

Sandbox Configuration

Docker Sandbox for Agent Execution

# Dockerfile.agent-sandbox
FROM ubuntu:24.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    nodejs \
    npm \
    python3 \
    python3-pip \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Create non-root agent user
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash agent && \
    mkdir -p /workspace && \
    chown agent:agent /workspace

# Drop capabilities
USER agent
WORKDIR /workspace

# No network by default - override at runtime if needed
# No access to Docker socket
# No access to host filesystem beyond mounted volume

#!/bin/bash
# run-agent-sandbox.sh
# Launch an AI coding agent inside a locked-down container

REPO_DIR="$(pwd)"
CONTAINER_NAME="agent-sandbox-$$"

docker run \
  --name "$CONTAINER_NAME" \
  --rm \
  --network none \
  --read-only \
  --tmpfs /tmp:size=512m \
  --tmpfs /home/agent:size=256m \
  --memory 4g \
  --cpus 2 \
  --pids-limit 256 \
  --security-opt no-new-privileges:true \
  --security-opt seccomp=seccomp-agent.json \
  --cap-drop ALL \
  -v "${REPO_DIR}/src:/workspace/src" \
  -v "${REPO_DIR}/tests:/workspace/tests:rw" \
  -v "${REPO_DIR}/docs:/workspace/docs:rw" \
  -v "${REPO_DIR}/package.json:/workspace/package.json:ro" \
  -e "NO_COLOR=1" \
  agent-sandbox:latest \
  "$@"

Seccomp Profile for Agent Containers

Untested illustrative syscall policy: architecture/runtime requirements differ and common calls may be missing. Pr

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